Re: [pronut-hiv] Weaning Foods - Protein,iron and vitamins (2)

["Marlou Bijlsma" <marloubijlsma@yahoo.co.uk>]

Eileen
   
  With the use of a food composition table you should by now be able to calculate the protein, iron and vitamin content of food yourself. Use the food composition table in use in your country or use the one in the FAO book Agriculture, food and nutrition for Africa. It has a food composition table in annex 4:
   
  http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/W0078e/W0078e00.htm
   
  If you want you can send me the answers and I will correct them.
   
  Kind regards
   
  Marlou Bijlsma

--------Eileen Birmingham <eileen_birmingham@yahoo.com> wrote:
  Hello-

thank you all for your help and advise. This is just
what I was hoping for. Marlou, if it is not too much
trouble, I would love to see how you include protein,
iron and vitamins in your calculations. 

Thank you again-
eileen

--- Marlou Bijlsma wrote:

> Ann
> 
> The question was about how to use a food
> composition table to calculate composition of infant
> weaning foods. I tried to keep it simple, to focus
> on how to calculate. 
> 
> Iron indeed is a serious problem Our best iron
> recipe was fortifying maize meal with crushed
> kapenta and oil. The dry fishes still have their
> livers so are rich in iron. Sometimes salty though.
> 
> Do you think I should answer again and include
> protein, iron, viamin A and C?
> 
> Marlou
> 
> -----Ann Burgess wrote:
> Marlou - what about iron? When we were doing the
> WHO CF booklet, this was the main problem.
> Ann
> 
> 
> Ann Burgess
> Nutrition Consultant
> Glenisla
> Blairgowrie PH11 8PS
> UK
> 
> ---------Marlou Bijlsma wrote:
> Dear Eileen
> 
> Your question may seem basic, but very important. I
> include an
> exercise that I use in some of my classes. For you,
> the answer is
> included.
> 
> Hope this is of help 
> 
> Marlou Bijlsma
> -----------------------------------------------
> Exercise replacement feeding 
> 
> A mother has a 6 months old baby. She is
> breast-feeding 5 times a
> day, an average of 200 ml of breast milk per feed. 
> 
> The mother is advised to change over to replacement
> feeding, to
> increase the total energy and protein given to the
> child. The health
> worker asks her to discuss options to prepare the
> feeds. The mother
> suggests she can prepare maize porridge, with some
> sugar. She plans to
> feed the child 210 ml of porridge and 5 g of sugar
> per plate.
> 
> a) Calculate the energy content of the suggested
> porridge and compare
> with the energy content of the breast milk.
> 
> Nutrient content per 100 gram
> 
> Kcal 
> Breast milk 70
> Maize flour 335 
> Rice 335
> Cow's milk 66
> Ground nuts 570
> Beans(dry) 320
> Lentils(dry) 325
> Egg 140
> Margarine 745
> Sugar 400
> 
> 
> Conversion factors (this refers to the amount of
> water that is taken
> up or evaporated when cooking the dish) 
> from 1 g raw
> maize flour/porridge 7 g
> rice porridge 5 g
> dry/cooked beans 2.5 g
> dry/cooked rice 2.5 g
> stiff maize porridge (sadza) 3.5 g
> leafy vegetables 0.8 g
> beets/roots 1 g
> b) Improve the menu suggestion for the child.
> Calculate the energy
> content of the food with the use of the food
> composition table.
> 
> Answer
> 
> a) 
> Breastmilk provides 200/100 ml x 70 Kcal = 140 Kcal
> per feed (or
> 5x140=700 Kcal per day)
> 
> Maize with sugar porridge
> Maize provides (210/7)/100 x 335 Kcal= 100 Kcal 
> Sugar provides 5/100 x 400 = 20 Kcal 
> Total energy porridge 100+20=120 Kcal per feed. This
> is inferior to
> the energy content of the breastmilk. Maize porridge
> alone provides 100
> Kcal per feed, the sugar added another 20 Kcal per
> feed, but this is not
> enough. A child needs more energy than breast milk
> can provide after 6
> months as it becomes more active, so the replacement
> feeds should be
> fortified with other foods to make them more energy
> dense. It is not
> possible to increase the amount of porridge fed to
> the child as its
> stomach can not cope.
> 
> b)
> Fortify porridge with for instance peanut butter (1
> tablespoon per
> feed= 10g)
> Maize provides (210/7)/100 x 335 Kcal= 100 Kcal 
> Peanut butter provides 10/100 x 570 = 57 Kcal
> Total energy of the porridge is now 100+57=157 per
> feed (220 ml)
> 
> Other alternative is for instance boiling 100 ml of
> stiff maize
> porridge (sadza/nsima) with 100 ml of milk, add 5 g
> of sugar (1
> teaspoon)
> Maize provides (100/3.5)/100 x 335 Kcal= 100 Kcal 
> Milk provides 100/100 x 66 Kcal = 66 Kcal
> Sugar provides 5/100 x 400 = 20 Kcal 
> Total energy 186 Kcal (215 ml)
> 
> Aim for replacement feeds for a 6 months old child
> some 200-220 ml
> per feed, aim for an energy concentration of at
> least 75Kcal per 100 ml
> feed.